2015中考英语宾语从句复习方法
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一,引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例:I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示是否的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。
例:I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例:I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二,宾语从句的语序,
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二,宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
既:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事项:
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。
例:She said: I have been to England before.
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: Do you like maths?
She asked me if I liked maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用疑问词+不定式做宾语的简单句结构。
例:I dont know what I should do next.
I cont know what to do next.
He didnt know where he would live.
He didnt know where to live.
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一,引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例:I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示是否的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。
例:I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例:I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二,宾语从句的语序,
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二,宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
既:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事项:
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。
例:She said: I have been to England before.
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: Do you like maths?
She asked me if I liked maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用疑问词+不定式做宾语的简单句结构。
例:I dont know what I should do next.
I cont know what to do next.
He didnt know where he would live.
He didnt know where to live.
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